The link between diabetes and high cholesterol

If you have diabetes, you know how important it is to manage your blood sugar. But did you know diabetes can also affect your heart health? In fact, diabetes and high cholesterol often go hand in hand, according to the American Heart Association (AHA). 

Diabetes changes how your body processes fats, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) explains. It tends to lower levels of “good” high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and raise levels of “bad” low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides. The AHA notes there’s even a name for it: diabetic dyslipidemia.  

Both high LDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides can lead to fatty deposits in the arteries. Over time, these buildups can restrict blood flow, which in turn increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.  

Looking for a primary care provider or specialist? Go to HMSA.com and use Find a Doctor to find one near you. 

According to a study in Diabetes Therapy, it’s possible for patients with well-controlled diabetes to still be at an increased risk of heart disease. That’s why it’s important to check your cholesterol and take steps to keep it in a healthy range. 

The good news? By understanding this connection and making small, proactive changes, you can help protect your heart and improve your overall well-being. Here’s what you need to know.  

What are healthy cholesterol levels?

Generally, having a total cholesterol of over 200 mg/dL poses health risks. But your overall cholesterol level doesn’t tell the whole story. There are multiple forms of cholesterol found in the body.
  
The first is called low-density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL carries cholesterol from the liver, where your body produces most of the cholesterol it needs, to other cells. That includes the arteries, where LDL can build up as dangerous plaque. That’s why it’s often referred to as “bad” cholesterol.   

“Good” high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, on the other hand, helps shuttle “bad” LDL cholesterol away from the arteries. Therefore, having less LDL and more HDL in the blood is a good thing and can decrease your risk of heart disease.

According to the ADA, healthy cholesterol levels are: 

•    LDL that’s lower than 100 mg/dL. 
•    HDL that’s higher than 35 mg/dL. 
•    Triglycerides that are lower than 150 mg/dL. 

However, it’s important to talk to your doctor and ask them what healthy cholesterol levels look like for you based on your individual risk factors. For example, the ADA states that those with risk factors for heart disease should work with their doctor to reach the following cholesterol level targets:  
 
•    LDL that’s lower than 70 mg/dL.  
•    HDL that’s higher than 40 mg/dL for men; 50 mg/dL for women.

How often should you get your cholesterol checked?

People with diabetes should have their cholesterol checked at least once a year or as recommended by their doctor, the ADA states. A sample of your blood is tested, and your doctor will review your results with you. 

To learn about managing chronic conditions, browse HMSA Health and Well-Being Support resources.  

How to manage cholesterol with lifestyle changes  

The good news is that there are several steps you can take to improve your cholesterol levels and protect your heart health:

• Quit smoking. Smoking lowers HDL (good cholesterol) and damages blood vessels, increasing your risk of heart disease. 
• Get moving. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise, like brisk walking, five days a week. (Here are easy tips to start a fitness routine at any age.)
• Eat a heart-healthy diet. Reduce foods high in fat and cholesterol, such as fatty or processed meats, full-fat dairy, and fried foods. Limit sweets and sugar sweetened beverages. Avoid trans-fat. Instead, focus on fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, lean meats, fish, soy, nuts, and heart-healthy fats such as vegetable, olive, or avocado oil. 
• Maintain a healthy weight. Losing even a small amount of weight can have a significant impact on cholesterol levels and overall heart health. 
•  Limit alcohol intake. Excessive alcohol can raise triglyceride levels and contribute to weight gain.

Treatment options for high cholesterol 

If lifestyle changes aren’t enough, your doctor may recommend medication to help lower your cholesterol. There are several types of cholesterol-lowering medications available, and your health care provider can determine which one is best for you. It’s important to take medications as prescribed and continue healthy lifestyle habits to see the best results.

A prescription drug plan that saves you money

Staying on top of your medications is easy and affordable with our mail-order program and automatic refills.

Sign up

Taking control of your health 

Managing diabetes and high cholesterol together may seem challenging, but small, consistent changes can make a big difference. By working closely with your healthcare provider, making heart-healthy choices, and staying on top of your cholesterol levels, you can reduce your risk of complications and support long-term wellness. 

Sources: 
Cholesterol and diabetes: American Heart Association 
Health checks for people with diabetes (cholesterol and triglycerides): American Diabetes Association 
Diabetes dyslipidemia: Diabetes Therapy 
Cholesterol levels: Cleveland Clinic 
Diabetes and your heart: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
Cholesterol and nutrition: Cleveland Clinic 
Prevention and treatment of high cholesterol: American Heart Association 
Healthy LDL range: American Diabetes Association and American Heart Association 
Healthy HDL range: American Diabetes Association 

H3832_8750_8PYHT673_25_C